Indians
Leaving the Trash Behind

Leaving the Trash Behind

How some Indian tribes dealt with refuse. Nomadic tribes moved every few days or weeks as the campsites got too odorous and messy (think about the...

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A Deadly Plague

A Deadly Plague

Thousands of Plains Indians died from smallpox. Native American contact with Whites turned out to be deadly, especially for the Plains tribes. One...

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War with the Modocs

War with the Modocs

The U.S. tries to return the Indians to the reservation. In November 1872, U.S. soldiers try to push a group of Modoc Indians to the Klamath...

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Where Was the Indian Territory?

Where Was the Indian Territory?

In a word; eastern Oklahoma. Indian removals in the East began as early as 1817. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized...

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Saloons, Paniolos and Telegraphs

Saloons, Paniolos and Telegraphs

Was there racial separation in the Old West? Could a Black cowboy go into a Tombstone saloon?  Jeffery S. King Washington, DC  It’s difficult, if...

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The Indian Civil War

The Indian Civil War

For the Cherokee, the conflict pitted brother against brother. The Civil War not only split the United States, but it also tore apart various Indian...

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Taking a Stand

Taking a Stand

Cherokee leader Watie signed an unpopular treaty. Stand Watie was a controversial Cherokee leader. He and several members of his family signed a...

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Life on the Santa Fe Trail

Life on the Santa Fe Trail

It wasn’t only the Indians who made life precarious for the travelers on the Santa Fe Trail. The country was literally crawling with rattlesnakes,...

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