The conflicts of Old West mining wars between labor and business spread to the fields of California agriculture in the latter stages of that era. The so-called Wheatland Hop Riot opened the ball on August 3, 1913. In the region northeast of Sacramento, field temperatures had hit the 120s—tough working conditions for the migrants harvesting hops, the green plant (related to hemp) used in brewing beer. The work was hard, and the season short (by the end of August, the migrants would be moving
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