Founded in America’s centennial year, Deadwood, South Dakota, has always celebrated Independence Day with great fanfare and parades, even in its earliest decades. On July 4, 1888, following a grand parade, two hub-and-hub firehose races were held: one between a Deadwood and a Council Bluffs, Iowa, team, and one between two local Chinese hose teams. According to the Rapid City Journal of July 6, 1888, Hi-Kee’s team won the race a


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